What Is Kyphosis?

Kyphosis is an abnormal forward curvature of the spine, often resulting in a rounded back or “hump” appearance. It can cause fatigue, back pain, stiffness, and postural changes. Adult kyphosis is commonly linked to degenerative disc disease, osteoporosis, compression fractures, injury, tumors, or spondylolisthesis.

Symptoms of Kyphosis

• Rounded or hunched back visible when standing
• Chronic back pain and stiffness
• Muscle fatigue with prolonged standing or walking
• Reduced mobility and flexibility in severe cases

Causes of Kyphosis

• Degenerative spinal changes such as disc degeneration
• Osteoporosis leading to compression fractures
• Trauma or spinal injury
• Tumors or infections affecting vertebrae
• Congenital or developmental disorders

Diagnosis of Kyphosis

Kyphosis is diagnosed with physical examination and imaging studies to assess spine curvature, vertebral health, and potential underlying causes:

• X-rays measure spinal angles and deformity
• MRI/CT scans detect disc degeneration, fractures, or tumors
• Bone density testing if osteoporosis is suspected

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on severity, cause, and symptoms, aiming to reduce pain, improve posture, and prevent progression.

Non-Surgical Treatment

• Bracing for mild congenital or postural kyphosis
• Physical therapy to strengthen back muscles and improve posture
• Pain management including medications or injections

Surgical & Interventional Treatment

• Kyphoplasty: Minimally invasive procedure to restore vertebral height in compression fractures
• Discectomy: Removes damaged disc material to relieve nerve pressure
• Artificial Disc Replacement: Preserves motion while replacing degenerated discs
• Surgery is typically recommended for tumor, infection, or multiple compression fractures with significant pain or deformity

Expected Outcomes

With early and appropriate treatment, patients can reduce pain, restore mobility, improve posture, and prevent further spinal deformity. Ongoing follow-up ensures optimal recovery and long-term spine health.

Expert Spine Surgeons in MN & WI

• Glenn Buttermann, MD
• Eric S. Nussbaum, MD
• Stefano Sinicropi, MD
• Todd E. Jackman, MD
• Michael A. Finn, MD
• Meysam Kebriaei, MD

FAQs About Kyphosis

What causes kyphosis in adults?

Adult kyphosis is often caused by degenerative disc disease, osteoporosis, compression fractures, injury, tumors, or spondylolisthesis.

Can kyphosis be treated without surgery?

Yes, mild kyphosis can be managed with bracing, physical therapy, and pain management, especially for postural or congenital types.

When is surgery recommended for kyphosis?

Surgery is considered for tumor, infection, multiple compression fractures, or severe deformity causing pain or neurological issues.

What procedures are available for kyphosis?

Treatment options include kyphoplasty, discectomy, and artificial disc replacement.

Can kyphosis be prevented from worsening?

Maintaining bone health, posture, and spinal strength through therapy and osteoporosis management can reduce progression risk.