What Are Pediatric Brain & CNS Cancers?
Pediatric brain and CNS cancers are tumors in the brain or spinal cord that disrupt normal neurological function. These tumors can be benign or malignant, and location often determines risk and treatment urgency.
Children may develop tumors anywhere in the CNS, including the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, or spinal cord. Some tumors are hereditary, but most causes remain unknown.
Symptoms of Pediatric CNS Tumors
Symptoms depend on tumor location and size and may include:
- Headaches that worsen in the morning
- Nausea and vomiting unrelated to illness
- Weakness in arms, legs, or one side of the body
- Vision problems such as double or blurred vision
- Developmental delays in speech, motor skills, or cognition
- Seizures or sudden changes in personality and behavior
- Pain in the head, neck, or back
Causes of Pediatric CNS Tumors
- Genetic mutations or hereditary syndromes
- Unknown environmental or developmental factors
- Abnormal cell growth in brain or spinal tissues
Diagnosis of Pediatric CNS Tumors
Diagnosis is performed by a team of specialists including pediatric neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuroradiologists, and neuropathologists. Imaging and testing are tailored to each child:
- MRI: High-resolution images of brain and spinal structures
- CT scans: Evaluate tumor size, location, and surrounding tissue
- Biopsy: Determines tumor type and grade
- Biomarker testing: Lab analysis of tumor proteins and genes
Accurate grading (1-4) helps predict tumor behavior and guides treatment planning.
Treatment Options
Treatment is individualized based on tumor type, grade, child’s age, and health status. Approaches may be used alone or in combination:
Surgical Treatment
- Brain Tumor Surgery: Safely removes cancerous tissue while preserving healthy brain and spinal function
- Complex Brain Surgery: Used for tumors in critical or hard-to-reach areas
- Craniotomy may be performed to access tumors safely
Medical Treatment
- Chemotherapy: Anti-cancer drugs target and destroy tumor cells
- Radiation Therapy: High-energy x-rays reduce tumor size or kill remaining cancer cells
Multidisciplinary Support
- Pediatric oncology, neurology, and rehabilitation teams coordinate care
- Family support, therapy, and counseling help manage treatment impact
Expected Outcomes
With early detection and specialized care, many children achieve tumor control, improved neurological function, and quality of life. Long-term follow-up monitors recurrence and supports healthy development.
Expert Pediatric Neurosurgeons in MN & WI
FAQs About Pediatric CNS Tumors
What are common signs of pediatric brain tumors?
Common signs include headaches, nausea, weakness, vision problems, developmental delays, and seizures.
How are pediatric CNS tumors diagnosed?
Diagnosis uses MRI, CT, biopsy, and biomarker testing, often involving a pediatric neurosurgery team.
Can pediatric brain tumors be treated surgically?
Yes, brain tumor surgery or complex brain surgery can remove tumors while preserving neurological function.
What is the role of chemotherapy and radiation in children?
Chemotherapy and radiation reduce tumor size, destroy cancer cells, and are often combined with surgery for optimal results.
Are pediatric CNS tumors hereditary?
Some tumors are linked to genetic syndromes, but most causes remain unknown.
Which MSBI providers specialize in pediatric brain tumors?
Pediatric CNS care is led by Dr. Eric Nussbaum, Dr. Stefano Sinicropi, and Dr. Meysam Kebriaei.